1. Contrast the structure of gram negative and gram positive cell walls : 
   • This posting may be of interest – it contrasts why Gram negative and positive bacteria exhibit different antimicrobial susceptibilities.
   • A knowledge of how the peptidoglycan cell wall is constructed is essential for understanding how betalactam and glycopeptide antibiotics work

2.  Contrast fungal cell wall structure with bacterial :

• Wikipedia entry gives a brief overview
• Most antifungal agents act by interfering with biosynthesis or integrity of the compound ergosterol whis is the major sterol in the fungal cell membrane. Others disrupt the cell wall. More later on this.

3. Which classes of antibiotic are active against the cell wall – revise mechanisms of action for the major classes of antibiotics (see the posting 1  and posting 2 from aimed.net).

4. Which agents have time dependent versus concentration dependent pharmacodynamic actions?  

• Need to seek out your understanding of both PK, PD and the PD patterns that explain the action of different agents (see excerpt below from Ambrose, 2007).

5. What DNA viruses are enveloped versus non-enveloped? What effect does the viral envelope have on antiviral immune response and environmental hardiness?

• Useful table of viral families here
• In general non-enveloped viruses – eg. HPV (DNA) or rotavirus, hepatitis C (RNA viruses) have much greater environmental survival and thereby create risks from direct/indirect contact and water or foodborne diseases

6. What are the main mechanisms of antibiotic resistance ?

• Medscape review
• WHO AMR Fact Sheet (updated Jan 2018)